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How Long Was Noah and His Family Actually on the Ark

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How long was Noah on the Ark?

A lunar year lasts exactly 354.36 days. All the same virtually commentaries assume 360 days for a lunar year. This proves problematic if we say that Noah spent 370 days on the Ark (1 lunar year on the Ark, plus ten days, according to Genesis 7:11–13 and 8:14–xx), because it implies that the biblical author was ignorant of the real length of a lunar yr! I solve the discrepancy past showing how Noah probably made estimates based on a 30-day month when the moon couldn't be seen, which he after adapted to reality when the moon was visible again.

The chart below summarizes the events and activities which took identify during the time Noah was on the Ark, as told in Genesis 7–8. Accept note of the number of days given as the total corporeality of fourth dimension Noah was on board the Ark with his family and the animals: 364, non 370 or 377, every bit is usually supposed. Notation that this analysis assumes that Noah did non enter the Ark until the rains actually began to fall and the fountains of the deep began to open, pairing verses 7:11 and seven:13 every bit referring to the same day.

At the time of the worldwide Flood, the Hebrew calendar was based on the movement of the moon (lunar), rather than the dominicus (solar). Each calendar month had 29.53 days,1 but this was rounded to 29 days for some months and to 30 for others.2 The lunar twelvemonth was 354.36 days long, compared to the solar yr of 365.3 days.three

Bible (Date on the lunar calendar) Events and activities Length of fourth dimension mentioned Running full of days
7:6–ten Noah gathered the animals onto the Ark and waited. vii days 0 days on board
7:eleven–16 (twond month, 17th day) Rain began to autumn, and then Noah entered the Ark with his family. Heavy rain for xl days forty days on lath the Ark
7:17–24 The waters swelled on the earth until all of the mountains were covered and all the land creatures and people had died. 150 days 150 days on the Ark
eight:1–4 (7th month, 17th solar day) God sends a current of air and stops the water and rain. The Ark runs aground at Ararat. The finish of 150 days 150 days (aforementioned as above)
8:5 (10th month, anest day) The waters keep receding and the mountain tops appear. No length of fourth dimension mentioned 220 days (29.53 x 8 - 16)
eight:6 ix Noah sent out a raven and then a dove, but both return to the Ark unsuccessful. twoscore days 260 days
viii:10–11 Noah sends out the dove once more and it brings back an olive branch. seven days afterwards 267 days
eight:12 Noah sent out the dove and it did not render to the Ark. seven days later 274 days
8:13 (1st month, 1st day) Noah removed the Ark's covering and saw dry ground. No length of time mentioned 309 days (29.53 x 11 - 16)
viii:14–20 (2nd month, 27thursday day) The earth had dried out sufficiently and Noah left the Ark with all of the animals. No length of time mentioned A total of 364 days on board (29.53 ten 12 + 10)

One solar year on lath the Ark

I propose that Noah was on board the Ark exactly one year minus ane day, rather than the usual 370 (or 377 days past some commentators who include Genesis seven:6–x every bit vii more days on lath) which are calculated by a strict multiplication of 12 months times xxx days, plus ten.four The reason this is possible is considering Noah began by counting days from event to event, assuasive exactly xxx days to a month because, at first, the rain and fog prevented him from seeing the moon. Finally, he was able to rectify his running account of time elapsed through an actual sighting of the moon later the pelting stopped and the mount tops appeared on day 220 of being in the Ark (Genesis 8:5).

Why would the difference between being in the Ark for 364 days instead of 370 exist significant? Considering, if nosotros count each month equally consisting of exactly thirty days, our lunar twelvemonth ends up having 360 days, rather than the 354.36 which it has in reality. The people of the Ancient Near East were very familiar with the movements of the sun, moon and stars and were capable of keeping very accurate records of the passage of fourth dimension. In fact, God told the Hebrew people that he was placing the lord's day, moon and stars in the sky for this very reason (see Genesis 1:xiv)!

We cannot blame any miscalculations on Noah, or even on Moses, since no total is given for the number of days in the Ark. Nosotros simply become the lunar starting time and the lunar ending time. When nosotros multiply 12 months by 29.53 days, it gives us 354.36 days. And so we add the ten-solar day departure between the get-go and ending days and the result is exactly 364.36 days: one solar year minus one solar day!

Notice in the chart above that the get-go 150 days are counted out on a 30-day/month footing: from the 2nd month, 17th day, until the seventh month, 17thursday day, equals v months; multiplied by xxx equals 150. However, starting with twenty-four hour period 220, as calculated by the appearance of a new moon on the onest solar day of the xth month, Noah does not mention the number of days which take transpired. Why? Because at present he has an accurate sighting of a new moon which rectifies the previous day count based on an estimated thirty-day month.

After this rectification, we get some more twenty-four hours counts having to do with the drying of the country and the sending of the birds. Notwithstanding, Noah makes no reference to the day of the month because he is counting actual days from one event to the next. Afterwards, when nosotros are told the calendar date for the side by side two events, over again at that place is no specific mention of the number of days gone by. It is unnecessary, because, as before, nosotros have references to bodily sightings of the new moon. No artificial count of days, which after a twelvemonth would be off by six whole days, needs to be used. Taking this progression of the alternation between numbers of days and bodily agenda dates into account, it seems obvious to me that Noah spent merely 364 days on the Ark with his family and the animals (providing, of course, he entered on the 17th twenty-four hours of the 2nd month, and not seven days earlier, equally some theologians translate). This analysis is based on the Masoretic text. Later on consulting different sources, I establish no reference to the department existence dealt with here in the Qumrân scrolls.5,half dozen,vii

Examination of the Septuagint revealed a few interesting variations. Although the text differs slightly from the Masoretic, every translation I checked (KJV, NASV, NIV, Reina Valera, Dios habla hoy, Louis Segond, Bible en Français courant, Today's Arabic Version), follows the Masoretic text. In poetry 7:11, the Septuagint reads, 'In the sixth hundredth twelvemonth of Noah's life, in the 2d calendar month and the 27thursday day of the month … '.8 Later, in verses 8:iv–five, if says, 'And the ark settled in the seventh month, on the 27th of the calendar month, on the mountains of Ararat. And the water was decreasing until the tenth calendar month, and in the tenth month, on the first twenty-four hours of the calendar month, the tops of the mountains were seen.' Note that in both cases it says '27th solar day', rather than '17thursday twenty-four hours'. Lastly, in verses viii:13–14, we read, 'And it happened in the 6 hundred and commencement twelvemonth of Noah'southward life, in the first month, on the first of the month, the water had disappeared from the earth … But in the second month, on the 27thursday day of the calendar month, the earth was dry.'

Equally a net issue, we discover that the initial 150-twenty-four hour period flow, calculated as xxx days times five months, remains the same. On the other mitt, the Septuagint has now subtracted ten days from the full time on lath, as calculated from the Masoretic text, leaving 354 days by my rendering (29.53 × 12). If we assume, as all the translations have done, that the Masoretic text has the correct dates, then how are we to empathise the Septuagint'due south insistence on the 27th day of the month in verses 7:11, 8:iv, and 8:14? Could the translator, who lived many hundreds of years after the text was originally penned in Hebrew, have dislocated a lunar twelvemonth (354 days) with a solar year (365 days) and then adapted the text to fit his interpretation? Or mayhap he added the start seven days, which I accept omitted, to the full time on the Ark to go far match a lunar year of 360 days (354 + vii = 361); thus having Noah leave the Ark on the first solar day later on completing a full year on board? Or mayhap he simply idea the fourth dimension should lucifer a 360-day, lunar year, because he wasn't aware that a lunar yr is shorter than that in reality! The fact remains that, no matter how nosotros slice it, information technology however comes out a one twelvemonth total, lunar or solar, and not 370 days (or 377) as has been taught for so long.

Ark model by Rod Walsh 13697-ark
Noah is ordinarily assumed to have been on the Ark for 370 days. However, a case can be made that he was on the ark for a yr minus 1 twenty-four hour period.

What about dissenting voices?

What exercise other commentators say nigh this passage? Here I only examine two, by way of illustration. The analysis presented in this article contrasts with Walvoord and Zuck , for example, who insist on a 360-twenty-four hour period yr for the Jewish calendar. They requite bear witness from their calculation of 69 weeks of years from Daniel 9,ix compared to Revelation eleven:3 and 12:6, where iii and one one-half years are equated with 1,260 days.9 1,260 divided by 42 months equals xxx days per calendar month. All the same, this could be from a convention of rounding the cumbersome 29.53 to 30, or considering the Jewish system changed during the captivity in Babylonia.twoThus, their argument does not necessarily preclude this new understanding.

Vila and Escuain concord on the 360-day year, but aspect it to catholic changes in the move of the moon effectually the world.10 Although this is not impossible, it leaves u.s.a. in dubiousness about when and why such a modify took place. Would it have happened during Noah's fourth dimension as part of the provocation for the Flood? Or did it, equally they propose, occur during Joshua's time? Later, they contradict themselves apropos the length of a year. Showtime they affirm that the months during the Alluvion were 30 days long, and then they explicate that the months could exist 29 or thirty days long 'although formally considered to be 30 days long'.11 Thus, they inadvertently confirm the possibility of a year which is shorter than 360 days for Noah'southward Flood. More than could be cited, merely these two samples summarize the master arguments for a 360-day, lunar year: not conclusive.

Conclusion

Therefore, although it would seem that the Hebrew people counted a calendar month every bit consisting of 30 days when making a generalized application, they were fully aware that it was slightly shorter than that. Since Noah had 600 years of experience viewing the dark skies before the Flood began, I'g sure he likewise possessed this knowledge and knew how to summate fourth dimension quite accurately by the moon. What convinces me fifty-fifty more of this fact is that the Inundation, as calculated by lunar months, ended later on almost exactly one solar year. This would have been remarkable, if he entered the Ark, say, on the 24-hour interval of autumn equinox (for the sake of illustration), and left information technology exactly a year later, the very day before fall equinox eve. Thus, his first full twenty-four hour period on dry state would the completion of i full solar year on board the Ark!

References and notes

  1. Earnest, D. et al., Facts at Your Fingertips, Reader's Digest Association, Pleasantville, NY, p. 22, 2003. Render to text.
  2. Butler, T.C. et al., Holman Bible Lexicon, Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, TN, p. 222, 1991. Return to text.
  3. Earnest et al., ref. 1, p. 20. Render to text.
  4. Walvoord, J.F. and Zuck, R.B., The Bible Knowledge Commentary: Quondam Attestation, Victor Books, Wheaton, IL, p. 39, 1985. Render to text.
  5. Abegg, M. et al., The Dead Ocean Scrolls Bible, Harper, San Francisco, CA, pp. eight–9, 1999. Return to text.
  6. Elliger, K. et al., Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, Federal republic of germany, pp. ten–12, 1990. Return to text.
  7. García Martínez, F., The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated, Eerdmans, One thousand Rapids, MI, pp. 467–514, 1992. Return to text.
  8. The following translations from the Septuagint were washed by the author of this article using Dickinson's edition of the Septuagint: Dickinson, R.D., The NIV Triglot Old Testament, Zondervan, Thou Rapids, MI, 1981. Return to text.
  9. Walvoord and Zuck, ref. 4, p. 1,363. Render to text.
  10. Vila, S. and Escuain, S., Nuevo Diccionario Bíblico Ilustrado, CLIE, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain, 1985. Render to text.
  11. Vila and Escuain, ref. ten, p. 1,150. Return to text.

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